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Part of the Oxford Instruments Group
Raman Spectroscopy is a non-invasive, high-specificity laser scattering-based technique used to probe molecular information of a variety of samples ranging from low-dimensional materials and semiconductors to biological tissues, engineered chemical species or dynamic/transient chemical systems in plasmas and flames. The inelastic Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering ‘fingerprint’ resulting from the interaction of the laser photons with the molecules vibrational levels can provide deep insight into their electronics, chemical and structural properties, as well as the change of these properties in different chemical, temperature or stress environments.
The low efficiency of the Spontaneous Raman process can be overcome with variations of that technique such as Surface Enhanced (SERS), Tip-Enhanced (TERS), UV-Resonance (UVRRS) or Time-Resolved Resonance Raman (TR3). Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) can be used for the non-invasive probing of plasma and flames temperatures.
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Our highly modular, high sensitivity spectroscopy solutions provide versatile research platforms that effectively address analysis challenges encountered in Raman spectroscopy, encompassing various sample types and geometry, photon regimes, and (multimodal) experimental setups, from macro to micro-scale.
Andor spectrographs and high sensitivity NIR-SWIR detectors provide seamlessly configurable workhorse platforms to cater for setups with multiple laser wavelengths or spectroscopy modalities (e.g. Raman coupled with Photoluminescence, Absorption or non-linear spectroscopies).’
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Raman can be used to characterise the properties of a wide range of materials including electronic properties, impurities/doping, structural stress and defects in low-dimensional materials (e.g. Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide (TMDs), quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, graphene, nano-plastics) as well as metal/alloys, polymers or metamaterials. Raman can be used in conjunctions with other spectroscopy techniques such as Photoluminescence, Transient Absorption, LIBS, Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) to provide in-depth analysis of these samples.
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Raman can be used to identify chemical species throughout reactions, or to monitor reaction rates by looking at the intensity of spectral features specific to reactants, catalysts and products. Raman signal is typically quite weak, but techniques like Resonance Raman exploit specific light absorption properties of molecules over a given wavelength range to provide significant Raman signal enhancement.
For organic species, Raman signal competes with fluorescence from the sample - a near-infrared laser or UV laser (with wavelength outside the absorption range of the molecule) can be used to greatly minimise or supress unwanted fluorescence contribution.
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) is a technique also used to determine non-invasively temperature and species concentration information in flames/combustion environments.
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Analytical spectroscopy techniques like Raman provide a powerful tool for the study of chemical and structural properties of biological, organic samples e.g. cells, tissues or viruses/pathogens. NIR photons allow deeper probing into these biological due to their greater penetration depth, and also provide higher diagnostics accuracy for Raman-based techniques by moving away from the unwanted autofluorescence background of these samples.
This can be used for non-invasive cancer and disease diagnostics with a high degree of Specificity, Sensitivity, Reproducibility and speed/throughput. It is also increasingly applied to real-time diagnostics in vivo, providing for example feedback to surgeon during intraoperative procedures to ensure full removal of cancerous tissues.
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Raman spectroscopy can be deployed in industrial environments to provide non-invasive, rapid feedback on efficiency of processes e.g. on-line monitoring of petrochemicals or manufactured/synthesized products quality e.g. tablets in the pharmaceutical industry (mapping of active components distribution), wafer quality control in the semiconductor industry (identification of defects/stress).
It provides for example highly specific information on the chemical make-up of a variety of samples in different environment. In the NIR Raman can be used to probe chemical species through opaque (and potentially fluorescent) materials using Surface Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS).
It can also be used to provide spatially-resolved feedback on defects, impurities or stress in wafers that can subsequently impact the performance of semiconductor device.
Andor high sensitivity NIR detectors and spectrographs provide tools for high accuracy, high throughput measurements of liquid, gas or materials chemical properties for maximum productivity in various industries. If you are an OEM please click here.
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This informative eBook introduces Raman spectroscopy techniques and their applications. It covers topics such as the principles of Raman spectroscopy, including Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, as well as the resonance Raman effect.
The eBook also focuses on resonance Raman spectroscopy and its applications in studying biological systems and metal-centered complexes. Additionally, it delves into various techniques and applications using Raman spectroscopy, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), ultra-violet resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRRS), time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy (TR3), and Raman microscopy.
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